In a controller, what does automatic control involve?

Automatic control in a controller refers to a system where the final control element, such as a valve or actuator, responds autonomously to the error signal generated when there is a deviation from the desired setpoint. This process involves continuous monitoring of the output variable and adjusting the control action without human intervention, ensuring that the process remains within specified limits.

The error signal, which is the difference between the actual process variable and the setpoint, drives the necessary adjustments in the final control element. This allows for real-time corrections to maintain stability, accuracy, and efficiency in the process being controlled. Automatic control systems are commonly utilized in various industrial applications to reduce the need for manual adjustments and to enhance system performance overall.